coreutils/src/pwd.c

/* pwd - print current directory
   Copyright (C) 1994-1997, 1999-2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
   any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
   Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */

#include <config.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#include "system.h"
#include "dirfd.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "long-options.h"
#include "quote.h"
#include "root-dev-ino.h"
#include "xgetcwd.h"

/* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix).  */
#define PROGRAM_NAME "pwd"

#define AUTHORS "Jim Meyering"

struct Path
{
  char *buf;
  size_t n_alloc;
  char *start;
};

enum
{
  NOT_AN_INODE_NUMBER = 0
};

#ifdef D_INO_IN_DIRENT
# define D_INO(dp) ((dp)->d_ino)
#else
/* Some systems don't have inodes, so fake them to avoid lots of ifdefs.  */
# define D_INO(dp) NOT_AN_INODE_NUMBER
#endif

/* The name this program was run with. */
char *program_name;

void
usage (int status)
{
  if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
    fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
	     program_name);
  else
    {
      printf (_("Usage: %s [OPTION]\n"), program_name);
      fputs (_("\
Print the full filename of the current working directory.\n\
\n\
"), stdout);
      fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
      fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
      printf (_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
    }
  exit (status);
}

static void
path_free (struct Path *p)
{
  free (p->buf);
  free (p);
}

static struct Path *
path_init (void)
{
  struct Path *p = xmalloc (sizeof *p);

  /* Start with a buffer larger than PATH_MAX, but beware of systems
     on which PATH_MAX is very large -- e.g., INT_MAX.  */
  p->n_alloc = MIN (2 * PATH_MAX, 32 * 1024);

  p->buf = xmalloc (p->n_alloc);
  p->start = p->buf + (p->n_alloc - 1);
  p->start[0] = '\0';
  return p;
}

/* Prepend the name S of length S_LEN, to the growing path, P.  */
static void
path_prepend (struct Path *p, char const *s, size_t s_len)
{
  size_t n_free = p->start - p->buf;
  if (n_free < 1 + s_len)
    {
      size_t half = p->n_alloc + 1 + s_len;
      /* Use xnmalloc+free rather than xnrealloc, since with the latter
	 we'd end up copying the data twice: once via realloc, then again
	 to align it with the end of the new buffer.  With xnmalloc, we
	 copy it only once.  */
      char *q = xnmalloc (2, half);
      size_t n_used = p->n_alloc - n_free;
      p->start = q + 2 * half - n_used;
      memcpy (p->start, p->buf + n_free, n_used);
      free (p->buf);
      p->buf = q;
      p->n_alloc = 2 * half;
    }

  p->start -= 1 + s_len;
  p->start[0] = '/';
  memcpy (p->start + 1, s, s_len);
}

/* Return a string (malloc'd) consisting of N `/'-separated ".." components.  */
static char *
nth_parent (size_t n)
{
  char *buf = xnmalloc (3, n);
  char *p = buf;
  size_t i;

  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
      memcpy (p, "../", 3);
      p += 3;
    }
  p[-1] = '\0';
  return buf;
}

/* Return the basename of the current directory, where DOT_SB is the
   result of lstat'ing ".".
   Find the directory entry in `..' that matches the dev/i-node of DOT_SB.
   Upon success, update *DOT_SB with stat information of `..', chdir to `..',
   and prepend "/basename" to PATH.
   Otherwise, exit with a diagnostic.
   PARENT_HEIGHT is the number of levels `..' is above the starting directory.
   The first time this function is called (from the initial directory),
   PARENT_HEIGHT is 1.  This is solely for diagnostics.  */

static void
find_dir_entry (struct stat *dot_sb, struct Path *path, size_t parent_height)
{
  DIR *dirp;
  int fd;
  struct stat parent_sb;
  bool use_lstat;
  bool found;

  dirp = opendir ("..");
  if (dirp == NULL)
    error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("cannot open directory %s"),
	   quote (nth_parent (parent_height)));

  fd = dirfd (dirp);
  if ((0 <= fd ? fchdir (fd) : chdir ("..")) < 0)
    error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("failed to chdir to %s"),
	   quote (nth_parent (parent_height)));

  if ((0 <= fd ? fstat (fd, &parent_sb) : stat (".", &parent_sb)) < 0)
    error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("failed to stat %s"),
	   quote (nth_parent (parent_height)));

  /* If parent and child directory are on different devices, then we
     can't rely on d_ino for useful i-node numbers; use lstat instead.  */
  use_lstat = (parent_sb.st_dev != dot_sb->st_dev);

  found = false;
  while (1)
    {
      struct dirent const *dp;
      struct stat ent_sb;
      ino_t ino;
      bool ent_sb_valid;

      errno = 0;
      if ((dp = readdir_ignoring_dot_and_dotdot (dirp)) == NULL)
	{
	  if (errno)
	    {
	      /* Save/restore errno across closedir call.  */
	      int e = errno;
	      closedir (dirp);
	      errno = e;

	      /* Arrange to give a diagnostic after exiting this loop.  */
	      dirp = NULL;
	    }
	  break;
	}

      ino = D_INO (dp);

      ent_sb_valid = false;
      if (ino == NOT_AN_INODE_NUMBER || use_lstat)
	{
	  if (lstat (dp->d_name, &ent_sb) < 0)
	    {
	      /* Skip any entry we can't stat.  */
	      continue;
	    }
	  ino = ent_sb.st_ino;
	  ent_sb_valid = true;
	}

      if (ino != dot_sb->st_ino)
	continue;

      /* If we're not crossing a device boundary, then a simple i-node
	 match is enough.  */
      if ( ! use_lstat || ent_sb.st_dev == dot_sb->st_dev)
	{
	  path_prepend (path, dp->d_name, NLENGTH (dp));
	  found = true;
	  break;
	}
    }

  if (dirp == NULL || CLOSEDIR (dirp) != 0)
    {
      /* Note that this diagnostic serves for both readdir
	 and closedir failures.  */
      error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("reading directory %s"),
	     quote (nth_parent (parent_height)));
    }

  if ( ! found)
    error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0,
	   _("couldn't find directory entry in %s with matching i-node"),
	     quote (nth_parent (parent_height)));

  *dot_sb = parent_sb;
}

/* Print the full, absolute name of the current working directory.
   The getcwd function does nearly the same task, but is typically
   unable to handle names longer than PATH_MAX.  This function has
   no such limitation.  However, this function *can* fail due to
   permission problems or a lack of memory, while Linux's getcwd
   function works regardless of restricted permissions on parent
   directories.  Upon failure, give a diagnostic and exit nonzero.

   Note: although this function is similar to getcwd, it has a fundamental
   difference in that it gives a diagnostic and exits upon failure.
   I would have liked a function that did not exit, and that could be
   used as a getcwd replacement.  Unfortunately, considering all of
   the information the caller would require in order to produce good
   diagnostics, it doesn't seem worth the added complexity.

   FIXME-maybe: if find_dir_entry fails due to permissions, try getcwd,
   in case the unreadable directory is close enough to the root that
   getcwd works from there.  */

static void
robust_getcwd (struct Path *path)
{
  size_t height = 1;
  struct dev_ino dev_ino_buf;
  struct dev_ino *root_dev_ino = get_root_dev_ino (&dev_ino_buf);
  struct stat dot_sb;

  if (root_dev_ino == NULL)
    error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("failed to get attributes of %s"),
	   quote ("/"));

  if (stat (".", &dot_sb) < 0)
    error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, _("failed to stat %s"), quote ("."));

  while (1)
    {
      /* If we've reached the root, we're done.  */
      if (SAME_INODE (dot_sb, *root_dev_ino))
	break;

      find_dir_entry (&dot_sb, path, height++);
    }

  if (path->start[0] == '\0')
    path_prepend (path, "/", 1);
}

int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
  char *wd;

  initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
  program_name = argv[0];
  setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
  bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
  textdomain (PACKAGE);

  atexit (close_stdout);

  parse_long_options (argc, argv, PROGRAM_NAME, GNU_PACKAGE, VERSION,
		      usage, AUTHORS, (char const *) NULL);

  /* The above handles --help and --version.
     Since there is no other invocation of getopt, handle `--' here.  */
  if (1 < argc && STREQ (argv[1], "--"))
    {
      --argc;
      ++argv;
    }

  if (1 < argc)
    error (0, 0, _("ignoring non-option arguments"));

  wd = xgetcwd ();
  if (wd != NULL)
    {
      puts (wd);
      free (wd);
    }
  else
    {
      struct Path *path = path_init ();
      robust_getcwd (path);
      puts (path->start);
      path_free (path);
    }

  exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
}