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2
man/chgrp.x
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2
man/chgrp.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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." Add any additional description here
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55
man/chmod.x
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man/chmod.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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This manual page
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documents the GNU version of
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.BR chmod .
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.B chmod
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changes the permissions of each given file according to
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.IR mode ,
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which can be either a symbolic representation of changes to make, or
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an octal number representing the bit pattern for the new permissions.
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.PP
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The format of a symbolic mode is
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`[ugoa...][[+-=][rwxXstugo...]...][,...]'. Multiple symbolic
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operations can be given, separated by commas.
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.PP
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A combination of the letters `ugoa' controls which users' access to
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the file will be changed: the user who owns it (u), other users in the
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file's group (g), other users not in the file's group (o), or all
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users (a). If none of these are given, the effect is as if `a' were
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given, but bits that are set in the umask are not affected.
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.PP
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The operator `+' causes the permissions selected to be added to the
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existing permissions of each file; `-' causes them to be removed; and
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`=' causes them to be the only permissions that the file has.
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.PP
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The letters `rwxXstugo' select the new permissions for the affected
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users: read (r), write (w), execute (or access for directories) (x),
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execute only if the file is a directory or already has execute
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permission for some user (X), set user or group ID on execution (s),
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save program text on swap device (t), the permissions that the user
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who owns the file currently has for it (u), the permissions that other
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users in the file's group have for it (g), and the permissions that
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other users not in the file's group have for it (o).
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.PP
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A numeric mode is from one to four octal digits (0-7), derived by
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adding up the bits with values 4, 2, and 1. Any omitted digits are
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assumed to be leading zeros. The first digit selects the set user ID
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(4) and set group ID (2) and save text image (1) attributes. The
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second digit selects permissions for the user who owns the file: read
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(4), write (2), and execute (1); the third selects permissions for
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other users in the file's group, with the same values; and the fourth
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for other users not in the file's group, with the same values.
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.PP
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.B chmod
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never changes the permissions of symbolic links; the
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.B chmod
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system call cannot change their permissions. This is not a problem
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since the permissions of symbolic links are never used.
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However, for each symbolic link listed on the command line,
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.B chmod
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changes the permissions of the pointed-to file.
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In contrast,
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.B chmod
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ignores symbolic links encountered during recursive directory
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traversals.
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.SH OPTIONS
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20
man/chown.x
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man/chown.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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This manual page
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documents the GNU version of
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.BR chown .
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.B chown
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changes the user and/or group ownership of each given file, according
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to its first non-option argument, which is interpreted as follows. If
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only a user name (or numeric user ID) is given, that user is made the
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owner of each given file, and the files' group is not changed. If the
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user name is followed by a colon or dot and a group name (or numeric group ID),
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with no spaces between them, the group ownership of the files is
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changed as well. If a colon or dot but no group name follows the user name,
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that user is made the owner of the files and the group of the files is
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changed to that user's login group. If the colon or dot and group are given,
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but the user name is omitted, only the group of the files is changed;
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in this case,
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.B chown
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performs the same function as
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.BR chgrp .
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.Sh OPTIONS
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18
man/cp.x
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man/cp.x
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.\" Copyright (C) 1994, 95, 96, 97 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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.\" preserved on all copies.
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
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.\" this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
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.\" the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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.\" permission notice identical to this one.
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
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.\" manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
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.\" versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a
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.\" translation approved by the Foundation.
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.\"
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[DESCRIPTION]
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.\" Add any additional description here
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2
man/dd.x
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man/dd.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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.\" Add any additional description here
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39
man/df.x
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man/df.x
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.\" Copyright (C) 1994, 95, 96, 97, 98 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
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.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
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.\" preserved on all copies.
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
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.\" this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that
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.\" the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
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.\" permission notice identical to this one.
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.\"
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.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
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.\" manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
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.\" versions, except that this permission notice may be stated in a
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.\" translation approved by the Foundation.
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.\"
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[DESCRIPTION]
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This manual page
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documents the GNU version of
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.BR df .
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.B df
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displays the amount of disk space available on the filesystem
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containing each file name argument. If no file name is given, the
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space available on all currently mounted filesystems is shown. Disk
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space is shown in 1K blocks by default, unless the environment
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variable POSIXLY_CORRECT is set, in which case 512-byte blocks are
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used.
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.PP
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If an argument is the absolute file name of a disk device node containing a
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mounted filesystem,
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.B df
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shows the space available on that filesystem rather than on the
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filesystem containing the device node (which is always the root
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filesystem). This version of
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.B df
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cannot show the space available on unmounted filesystems, because on
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most kinds of systems doing so requires very nonportable intimate
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knowledge of filesystem structures.
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.SH OPTIONS
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2
man/dir.x
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man/dir.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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.\" Add any additional description here
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2
man/dircolors.x
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2
man/dircolors.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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." Add any additional description here
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2
man/du.x
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2
man/du.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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." Add any additional description here
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2
man/install.x
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2
man/install.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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." Add any additional description here
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2
man/ln.x
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2
man/ln.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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." Add any additional description here
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2
man/ls.x
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2
man/ls.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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." Add any additional description here
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2
man/mkdir.x
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2
man/mkdir.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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." Add any additional description here
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2
man/mkfifo.x
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2
man/mkfifo.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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." Add any additional description here
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2
man/mknod.x
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2
man/mknod.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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." Add any additional description here
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2
man/mv.x
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2
man/mv.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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." Add any additional description here
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2
man/rm.x
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2
man/rm.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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." Add any additional description here
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2
man/rmdir.x
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2
man/rmdir.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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." Add any additional description here
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2
man/sync.x
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2
man/sync.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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." Add any additional description here
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2
man/touch.x
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2
man/touch.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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." Add any additional description here
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2
man/vdir.x
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2
man/vdir.x
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[DESCRIPTION]
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." Add any additional description here
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