timeout: add -f and -p short options as per POSIX 2024

* src/timeout.c: Support -f and -p short options, corresponding to
--foreground and --preserve-status respectively.  This adds
compatability with POSIX 2024 and OpenBSD.
(usage): Separate translations, and reorder the option descriptions.
* doc/coreutils.texi (timeout invocation): Adjust accordingly,
and also reorder the option descriptions alphabetically.
* tests/timeout/timeout.sh: Also test short option variants.

doc/coreutils.texi

@@ -18810,13 +18810,9 @@ The program accepts the following options.  Also see @ref{Common options}.
 Options must precede operands.
 
 @table @samp
-@item --preserve-status
-@opindex --preserve-status
-Return the exit status of the managed @var{command} on timeout, rather than
-a specific exit status indicating a timeout.  This is useful if the
-managed @var{command} supports running for an indeterminate amount of time.
-
-@item --foreground
+@item -f
+@itemx --foreground
+@opindex -f
 @opindex --foreground
 Don't create a separate background program group, so that
 the managed @var{command} can use the foreground TTY normally.
@@ -18856,6 +18852,14 @@ either because the signal was blocked or ignored, or if the @var{command} takes
 too long (e.g. for cleanup work) to terminate itself within a certain amount
 of time.
 
+@item -p
+@itemx --preserve-status
+@opindex -p
+@opindex --preserve-status
+Return the exit status of the managed @var{command} on timeout, rather than
+a specific exit status indicating a timeout.  This is useful if the
+managed @var{command} supports running for an indeterminate amount of time.
+
 @item -s @var{signal}
 @itemx --signal=@var{signal}
 @opindex -s

src/timeout.c

@@ -85,20 +85,13 @@ static bool preserve_status; /* whether to use a timeout status or not.  */
 static bool verbose;         /* whether to diagnose timeouts or not.  */
 static char const *command;
 
-/* for long options with no corresponding short option, use enum */
-enum
-{
-      FOREGROUND_OPTION = CHAR_MAX + 1,
-      PRESERVE_STATUS_OPTION
-};
-
 static struct option const long_options[] =
 {
+  {"foreground", no_argument, nullptr, 'f'},
   {"kill-after", required_argument, nullptr, 'k'},
+  {"preserve-status", no_argument, nullptr, 'p'},
   {"signal", required_argument, nullptr, 's'},
   {"verbose", no_argument, nullptr, 'v'},
-  {"foreground", no_argument, nullptr, FOREGROUND_OPTION},
-  {"preserve-status", no_argument, nullptr, PRESERVE_STATUS_OPTION},
   {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
   {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
   {nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0}
@@ -271,22 +264,30 @@ Start COMMAND, and kill it if still running after DURATION.\n\
       emit_mandatory_arg_note ();
 
       fputs (_("\
-      --preserve-status\n\
-                 exit with the same status as COMMAND, even when the\n\
-                   command times out\n\
-      --foreground\n\
+  -f, --foreground\n\
                  when not running timeout directly from a shell prompt,\n\
                    allow COMMAND to read from the TTY and get TTY signals;\n\
                    in this mode, children of COMMAND will not be timed out\n\
+"), stdout);
+      fputs (_("\
   -k, --kill-after=DURATION\n\
                  also send a KILL signal if COMMAND is still running\n\
                    this long after the initial signal was sent\n\
+"), stdout);
+      fputs (_("\
+  -p. --preserve-status\n\
+                 exit with the same status as COMMAND,\n\
+                   even when the command times out\n\
+"), stdout);
+      fputs (_("\
   -s, --signal=SIGNAL\n\
                  specify the signal to be sent on timeout;\n\
                    SIGNAL may be a name like 'HUP' or a number;\n\
-                   see 'kill -l' for a list of signals\n"), stdout);
+                   see 'kill -l' for a list of signals\n\
+"), stdout);
       fputs (_("\
-  -v, --verbose  diagnose to stderr any signal sent upon timeout\n"), stdout);
+  -v, --verbose  diagnose to stderr any signal sent upon timeout\n\
+"), stdout);
 
       fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
       fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
@@ -478,14 +479,23 @@ main (int argc, char **argv)
   initialize_exit_failure (EXIT_CANCELED);
   atexit (close_stdout);
 
-  while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "+k:s:v", long_options, nullptr)) != -1)
+  while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "+fk:ps:v", long_options, nullptr))
+         != -1)
     {
       switch (c)
         {
+        case 'f':
+          foreground = true;
+          break;
+
         case 'k':
           kill_after = parse_duration (optarg);
           break;
 
+        case 'p':
+          preserve_status = true;
+          break;
+
         case 's':
           term_signal = operand2sig (optarg);
           if (term_signal == -1)
@@ -496,14 +506,6 @@ main (int argc, char **argv)
           verbose = true;
           break;
 
-        case FOREGROUND_OPTION:
-          foreground = true;
-          break;
-
-        case PRESERVE_STATUS_OPTION:
-          preserve_status = true;
-          break;
-
         case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;
 
         case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);

tests/timeout/timeout.sh

@@ -37,7 +37,9 @@ returns_ 124 timeout .1 sleep 10 || fail=1
 
 # exit status propagation even on timeout
 # exit status should be 128+TERM
-returns_ 124 timeout --preserve-status .1 sleep 10 && fail=1
+for opt in '-p' '--preserve-status'; do
+  returns_ 124 timeout $opt .1 sleep 10 && fail=1
+done
 
 # kill delay. Note once the initial timeout triggers,
 # the exit status will be 124 even if the command
@@ -45,7 +47,9 @@ returns_ 124 timeout --preserve-status .1 sleep 10 && fail=1
 # exit status should be 128+KILL
 returns_ 124 timeout -s0 -k1 .1 sleep 10 && fail=1
 # Ensure a consistent exit status with --foreground
-returns_ 124 timeout --foreground -s0 -k1 .1 sleep 10 && fail=1
+for opt in '-f' '--foreground'; do
+  returns_ 124 timeout $opt -s0 -k1 .1 sleep 10 && fail=1
+done
 
 # Ensure 'timeout' is immune to parent's SIGCHLD handler
 # Use a subshell and an exec to work around a bug in FreeBSD 5.0 /bin/sh.